Examples of drawing

Note

turtle.forward(distance):

Moves the turtle forward (in the direction the turtle is facing) the distance indicated (in pixels). Draws a line if the pen is down, not if the pen is up.

turtle.left(degrees):

Turns the direction that the turtle is facing left (counterclockwise) by the amount indicated (in degrees).

import turtle
import time
import math

def draw_letter_s(t, distance, degrees, sleep_time):
    t.shape('turtle')
    t.forward(distance)                   # move forward
    t.left(degrees)                       # turn by "degrees"
    time.sleep(sleep_time)

    t.forward(distance)
    t.left(degrees)
    time.sleep(sleep_time)

    t.forward(distance)
    t.right(degrees)
    time.sleep(sleep_time)

    t.forward(distance)
    t.right(degrees)
    time.sleep(sleep_time)

    t.forward(distance)

# def draw_square(t, side_length):
#     for i in range(4):
#         t.forward(side_length)
#         t.left(90)

def draw_polygon(t, side_length, num_sides):
    turn_angle = 360 / num_sides
    for i in range(num_sides):
        t.forward(side_length)
        t.left(turn_angle)

def draw_circle(t, radius):
    circumference = 2 * 3.1415 * radius      # 2 * Pi * R
    side_length = circumference / 360
    draw_polygon(t, side_length, 360)

def main():
    # Create a screen
    canvas = turtle.Screen()
    canvas.bgcolor('lightblue')

    # Create a  turtle
    t = turtle.Turtle()
    t.reset()

    # Draw polygon
    t.goto(0, 0)
    draw_polygon(t, 4, 4)

    # Draw letter S
    t.pensize(10)
    t.color("blue")
    t.up()
    t.goto(-50, -100)
    t.down()
    draw_letter_s(t, 100, 90, 0)

    # Draw 3 squares
    t.color("red")
    for i in range(0, 3):
        t.up()
        t.pensize((i + 1)* 2)
        t.goto(-150 - i * 20, -150 - i * 20)
        t.down()
        draw_polygon(t, 300 + i * 40, 4)

    # Draw polygon
    t.pensize(4)
    t.color("green")
    t.up()
    t.goto(-150, -(3/4 * 300**2) ** (1/2))
    # r = 300 * math.sin(math.radians(45))        # (300 * (2**(1/2)/2)))
    t.down()
    draw_polygon(t, 300, 6)

    # Draw circle
    t.pensize(4)
    t.color("yellow")
    t.up()
    t.goto(0, -300)
    t.down()
    draw_circle(t, 300)

    t.ht()
    canvas.exitonclick()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
#    mainloop()

Shape	Sides	range()	Angle
Triangle	3	3	360/3 = 120
Square	4	4	360/4 = 90
Octagon	8	8	360/8 = 45

See also

https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html#methods-of-rawturtle-turtle-and-corresponding-functions